Damp is not only a structural issue. It can damage walls, furniture and clothing, and it can also have a negative impact on your health. Mould and persistently damp conditions are often linked to allergies, respiratory problems and asthma. This is why it is important to act as soon as the first signs appear and identify the real cause of the problem.

Signs of damp in the home

One of the earliest indicators of excess moisture is a musty, stale smell, especially noticeable in poorly ventilated rooms.

Marks and stains on walls

Dark patches, staining or discolouration on walls and ceilings often indicate moisture within the structure. In more advanced cases, plaster can begin to crumble or break down.

Peeling wallpaper

Wallpaper that starts to peel, bubble or lift away from the wall is often a sign that moisture is trapped behind the surface.

Cold and damp walls

Internal walls should feel dry and relatively warm. If walls feel cold or damp to the touch, this may point to high humidity levels or inadequate insulation.

Condensation on windows

Some condensation is normal, particularly during colder months. However, if water regularly forms on window panes and does not clear, it is a strong indication of excess moisture in the room.

Common causes of damp

One of the most common causes of damp is condensation. Warm, moisture-laden air cools when it comes into contact with cold surfaces such as windows and external walls, forming water droplets.

Other common causes include:

• leaking water or waste pipes
  
• rising damp from the ground due to missing or damaged damp proof courses
  
• penetrating damp caused by rainwater entering through walls, roofs or window frames
  

How to remove mould

Mould can be removed from surfaces, but this alone does not solve the underlying issue. If the source of moisture remains, mould will almost certainly return.

Heat is an effective way to kill mould and bacteria. Steam cleaners can eliminate a large percentage of microorganisms, as steam penetrates deep into affected surfaces. However, this should always be combined with improved ventilation, adequate heating and measures to reduce moisture levels in the home.

Identifying the type of damp

Successfully treating damp requires identifying its source. Damp patches high up on walls may indicate roof leaks or blocked guttering. Moisture around windows often points to poor sealing or thermal bridging.

There are three main types of damp commonly found in homes.

Condensation damp

This is the most common type and is caused by poor ventilation and insufficient heating. Everyday activities such as cooking and showering increase moisture levels, which then condense on cold surfaces. Water droplets on windows are a typical sign.

Rising damp

Rising damp occurs when moisture travels upwards from the ground into the walls. Signs include damaged skirting boards, flaking paint and damp patches near the base of walls.

Penetrating damp

Penetrating damp is caused by water entering the property from outside. Common sources include cracked render, damaged pointing, faulty window seals or blocked and overflowing gutters.

How to reduce condensation and damp

Prevention is always easier and cheaper than repair.

Wipe windows and sills regularly

Condensation should be wiped away as soon as it appears to prevent mould growth. Use a cloth or window vacuum and keep surfaces dry. If mould is present, use appropriate cleaning products and dispose of cloths afterwards to avoid spreading spores.

Control steam when cooking

Cover pots and pans while cooking to reduce steam and energy loss. Keep kitchen doors closed so moisture does not spread to other rooms and use an extractor fan where possible.

Reduce moisture in the bathroom

Bathing and showering create large amounts of steam. Keep the bathroom door closed during use and ventilate the room thoroughly afterwards. In bathrooms without windows, a properly functioning extractor fan is essential.

Well installed tiles, sealed joints and effective waterproofing also help protect walls from long term moisture damage.

Conclusion

Damp and mould are not just cosmetic problems. They can seriously affect both the condition of your home and the health of those living in it. Identifying the cause early, improving ventilation, maintaining consistent heating and ensuring proper insulation are key to a long term solution.

Once the source of moisture is addressed, your home can once again become a healthy, safe and comfortable place to live.